Depends on what kind. We had 2 kinds right next to each other when we moved in almost 6 years ago. One of them is fine....grows fast but stays where it is. The other one


is not pleasant....won't stay where it is...can't seem to kill it.....worse than ivy.
Bamboo generally falls in to one of two types, running or clumping.
Clumping bamboo .......... good.
Running bamboo ............ bad.
Your best bet is to install a rhizome barrier, see below;
Rhizome barrier
A common way to control running bamboo is using rhizome barrier. This is a tough, flexible plastic that is installed in the ground, completely surrounding the bamboo. It comes in various thicknesses and widths, but at a minimum I would use 24" wide and perhaps 36" in sandy soil. The barrier must be installed with a couple inches above ground because the rhizomes can emerge from the ground and "jump" the barrier. You will need to inspect the barrier each year and cut any rhizomes that have crossed it.
There are many suppliers online with a search for "rhizome barrier". A large manufacturer with many distributors is
DeepRoot. The success of the barrier control depends on installing correctly according to the manufacturer's directions. If you can slope the barrier outward (away from the bamboo) it will help guide the rhizomes upward where you can see them instead of downward where they may go under the barrier.
Good luck!