Voyager EMH
Slipper Wearing Plucker of Pheasants
The speeds can be matched and the plane stationary with only a tiny amount of power from the engines.The wheels may not be driven, but if their speed is always identical to the conveyor belt's speed and there is perfect traction then the plane can't go forward. That's how cogged gears operate.
Doesn't really matter how fast that speed is - the tiny amount of power from the engines will keep the plane steady and stationary.
But can the plane move forwards from this stationary position? It only needs a tiny bit more power to do so and the engines are not short of power.
Can the conveyor speed up at the same time or does it take a very very small amount of time for it to detect the increase in speed of rotation of the plane's wheels and then engage its own motors to do this?
This is where "sticking to the wording" rather than dealing with reality is Pope vs Galileo.
Conveyor and plane stationary - plane engages engines - wheels turn - conveyor reacts - wheels have already begun to turn - conveyor can not prevent take off.
Conveyor and plane stationary - plane engages engines - wheels turn - conveyor has detected movement before it happened and then been able to engage its motors at exactly the same time as wheels turn.
Well, the second one is what the wording of the puzzle says, so that is what we must say is true. Pope.
First one describes reality. Galileo.