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The area above the sand as it is now in the area of GUR. The OP said relief was not allowed but the nature of the ground suggests it it could be a mess after the winter.
"When a bunker is being repaired and the Committee defines the entire bunker as ground under repair, it is treated as part of the general area (which means it is not a bunker)."
Although I'm not sure how hard and fast the bold words are in practice.
Post 2 only needs one sentence
The ball is in the bunker, so follow the rules for abnormal course conditions for the ball in the bunker (Rule 16.1c) regardless of where the stance is.
It was more confusing than interesting.
SILH obviously didn't read Rule 16 (which included a reference to Rule 17) and made matters worse by referring to 'water hazards'.
Why confuse things by using old terminology. A Penalty Area involves a penalty.
As I said above, it is all about the position of the ball.
16,1a(2) says
(If)
The ball is anywhere on the course, except in a penalty area (where the player’s only relief is under Rule 17).